COVID-19 Treatment AND Vaccine Tracker
Last Updated:
August 19, 2022 1:14 PM
Pacific
FasterCures, a center of the Milken Institute, tracked the development of treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 (coronavirus) between March 2020 - August 19, 2022. This tracker contains an aggregation of publicly-available information from validated sources.
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Glossary
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Treatments
Drug developers, academic labs, and other organizations globally are developing many different kinds of medical products to treat COVID-19. Treatments give us tools to help patients while a vaccine is developed. Potential treatments include medicines currently used or studied to treat other diseases (“repurposed” treatments), as well as drugs newly identified or designed to treat COVID-19.
Antibodies
Antibodies are one of your body’s natural defense systems against foreign attackers. When your body detects foreign intruders (like bacteria or viruses), your immune system makes antibodies that recognizes them. These specific antibodies attach to the foreign intruders and target them for destruction. To treat or prevent disease, scientists can either use antibodies from the blood of people who have recovered from the infection (i.e., “convalescent plasma”) or use antibodies made in a lab that will attach to and stop (“neutralize”) the foreign intruders.
Antibodies created to attach to different molecules in the body (i.e., not foreign intruders) can also be used to treat disease, for example, by turning down your immune response to stop it from overreacting and causing damage to the body (a phenomenon known as “cytokine storm”).
Antibodies created to attach to different molecules in the body (i.e., not foreign intruders) can also be used to treat disease, for example, by turning down your immune response to stop it from overreacting and causing damage to the body (a phenomenon known as “cytokine storm”).
Corvus Pharmaceuticals and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
CPI-006
clinical
Phase III trial begun in hospitalized patients
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Alexion Pharmaceuticals. TACTIC-R trial
Ultomiris (ravulizumab-cwvz), complement inhibitor
clinical
Phase III recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (Phase II); Alexion (Expanded Access Protocols)
Soliris (eculizumab), complement inhibitor
clinical
Phase II recruiting May 2020. Expanded access protocols
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
AstraZeneca; ACCORD trial
MEDI3506, monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 33
clinical
ACCORD Phase II trial to start May 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
BioCon/Equilium
itolizumab, anti-CD6 IgG1 monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II open label trial began July 2020; FDA IND cleared for Phase III trial (EQUINOX) Phase 3will not be initiated at this time Nov 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Bristol Myers Squibb
abatacept (Orencia)
clinical
Developer has intiated and begun to enroll participants in proof-of-concept trial with hospitalized COVID patients
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CSL Behring
CSL312 (garadacimab)
clinical
A Phase II for safety and efficacy has completed enrollment, results expected Q2 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CSL Behring / SAb Biotherapeutics
SAB-185, Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
clinical
Phase I starts early summer 2020; Dosing to start August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CSL Behring Australia
COVID-19 Immunoglobulin, plasma derived
clinical
Phase I/II trials began June 2020; recruitment began Aug 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion
CT-P59; Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
clinical
Phase I trial started July 2020; Celltrion beginning commercial production; Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) IND application for a Phase II/III trials Sept 2020. Phase II enrollment complete Nov 2020. Approval for special-case use Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion/ University of Oxford/ University Hospitals Birmingham (CATALYST trial)
Remsima (infliximab), anti-TNF antibody
clinical
Phase II trial to start in June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Cerecor
CERC-002, anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020, top line data expected 4Q 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CytoDyn
leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist
clinical
Phase II trial interim results released July 2020; Phase II trial (mild/moderate) met enrollment in June 2020; Phase IIb/III trial (severe) ongoing June 2020; individual expanded access. Enrollment completed Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
EUSA Pharma / The Papa Giovanni XXII Hospital; University Hospital, Ghent; Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica
Sylvant (siltuximab), interleukin-6 targeted monoclonal
clinical
FDA approves Phase III trial in hospitalized patients in July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Edesa Biotech/ Light Chain Bioscience (NovImmune)
EB05, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecule (sPLA2 inhibitor)
clinical
Phase I/II not yet recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly
LY3127804, anti-Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) antibody
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020; Phase II study ended Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly/AbCellera (NIH Vaccines Research Center)/Takeda
LY-CoV555 antibody from recovered patients
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020; Phase I started June 2020; results expected end of June 2020; FDA IND application for EUA requested Oct 2020; FDA EUA approved Nov 2020. Interim authorization from Health Canada Nov 2020. Doses purchased by US, Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Emergent BioSolutions/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ Mt Sinai Health System/ ImmunoTek Bio Centers
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
clinical
Phase II trials begin ~August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GC Pharma/ Korea National Institute of Health
GC5131A, plasma derived therapy
clinical
Phase II/III to start in July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GSK
otilimab, anti-granulocyte macrophase colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibody
clinical
Phase II recruiting June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Generation Bio/ Vir Biotechnology
Non-viral gene therapy to produce monoclonal antibodies
clinical
Phase I trials for IN01 vaccine treatment in ex-COVID patients began Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Grifols
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG)
clinical
Phase I trial expected to start July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Grifols
Gamunex-C, contains anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies from recovered plasma donors
clinical
Trial to begin Feb 2021 in Spain
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Harbour BioMed / Erasmus MC / Utrecht University / Mount Sinai Health System / AbbVie
Antibody 47D11
clinical
Phase I clinical trial initiated Dec 2020. Licensed for clinical development Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Humanigen Inc./ Catalent Biologics
lenzilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody
clinical
Data on first clinical use released June 2020; Phase III trial ongoing July 2020/Dosing began Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
I-Mab Biopharma
TJM2 (TJ003234), anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody
clinical
Interim Phase I/II data released June 2020, part 2 of the study to start June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
I-SPY COVID trial (Omeros)
Narsoplimab (IV administered mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) pathway inhibitor IgG4 antibody)
clinical
Data from compassionate use in Italy released Nov 2020; first patient dosed in I-SPY trial March 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Implicit Bioscience
IC14, recombinant chimeric anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II not yet recruiting July 2020; Expanded access protocols
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
InflaRx N.V.
IFX-1, anti-C5a antibody
clinical
Phase III trial to begin fall 2020; Phase II topline results reported June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Junshi Biosciences/ Eli Lilly/ Lonza/ AbCellera
JS016 antibody candidate (LY-CoV016 + LY-CoV555)
clinical
Phase I trial in China started June 2020; trial in US to start 2H 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Kamada/ Kedrion Biopharma/ Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
clinical
Individual Expanded Access use in Israel started in June 2020; Phase I/II in hospitalized patients in Israel to start 3Q 2020; Will talk to FDA in 3Q 2020; enrollment completed Sept 2020 in Israel
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Kiniksa/ Cleveland Clinic/ Ospedale San Raffaele
mavrilimumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophase colony-stimunlating factor receptor-alpha monoclonal antibody
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting June 2020; Case reports published June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including: New York State Department of Health; Johns Hopkins University; the Feinstein Institutes; RECOVERY trial
Convalescent plasma (blood plasma from recovered patients)
clinical
Mayo Clinic and Houston Methodist trial results published June 2020, other trials ongoing; FDA issued Emergency Use Authorization on Aug 23, 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors; Octapharma USA/ Sharp Memorial Hospital; Grifols
Octagam; intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
clinical
Octapharma released topline results from retrospective study July 2020; Phase III study ongoing July 2020; Phase 1/2 trials began
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Novartis; other research sponsors
Ilaris (canakinumab), interleukin-1beta blocker
clinical
Novartis Phase III to start and trial top-line results expected late summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with Chinese research sponsors
PD-1 blocking antibody; Thymosin
clinical
Phase II study not yet recruiting
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with Chinese research sponsors; Roche
Avastin (bevacizumab), vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor
clinical
Phase II/III studies recruiting April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors; Roche; REMAP-CAP; RECOVERY
Actemra (tocilizumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
clinical
Initial Roche studies could be completed May or June 2020; Phase II open-label study in Italy active (April 2020), Phase III Roche global trial enrolling May 2020, Roche trial (+ remdesivir) to start June 2020; ; Phase 3 EMPACTA Trial (tocilizumab + placebo); HEPMAB (Actemra + Heparin) Phase 3 trials begin Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Regeneron/ NIAID
Antibody combination REGN-COV2 (REGN10933+REGN10987) against the spike protein
clinical
Joined Operation Warp Speed in July 2020; Phase III prevention trial with NIAID starts July 2020; Phase 2 stage of 1/2/3 treatment trial started July 2020; Phase 3 starts Aug 2020; compassionate use/expanded access requested Oct 2020. FDA Emergency Use Authorization Nov 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Roivant Sciences
Gimsilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor monoclonal
clinical
Phase II study started in April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Sorrento Therapeutics/ Mount Sinai Health System/ Columbia University
COVI-SHIELD/COVI-TRACE/COVI-GUARD antibody cocktail that binds to three different epitopes
clinical
Start Phase II trial Q3 2020; FDA cleared for Phase I for COVI-GUARD (STI-1499) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. WITHDRAWN.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Staidson/ Pivotal
BDB-001, monocloncal anti-C5a antibody
clinical
Phase II/III trials began Jul 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Swedish Orphan Biovitrum
Gamifant (emapalumab), anti-interferon gamma antibody
clinical
Phase II/III recruiting April 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tang-Du Hospital
meplazumab, anti-CD147 antibody
clinical
Results released July 2020; Phase II/III efficacy trials begin Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tsinghua University/ Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen/ Brii Biosciences
BRII-196 and BRII-198, Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
clinical
Phase I trials recruiting July 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tychan/ SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit
TY027, monoclonal antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2
clinical
Phase I started June 2020; efficacy data expected 3Q 2020. Phase III began Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
University of Hong Kong (BMS)
Opdivo (nivolumab), PD-1 blocking antibody
clinical
Phase II study not yet recruiting
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Vanderbilt Vaccine Center/ AstraZeneca/ IDBiologics
Combo of two antibodies (AZD7442)
clinical
Phase I trial began August 2020; Phase III trial began Nov 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Various global research sponsors/ Grifols/ Emergent BioSolutions, CSL Behring and Takeda
Prolastin, alpha-1 anti-trypsin antibody
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020; Phase III trials began Oct 2020 (ITAC Trial)
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Vir Biotechnology/ GSK/ Samsung/ WuXi Biologics/ Biogen
VIR-7831 and VIR-7832, antibodies from recovered SARS patients
clinical
Start Phase II ~July-September 2020; Dosing began Aug 2020; Phase 3 results and endpoints expect Jan 2021; Submitted for EUA May 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Abcore
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), engineered monoclonal antibody derived from camelids
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ablexis / AlivaMab Discovery Services / Berkeley Lights Collaborate
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Adagio Therapeutics
Antibodies binding to a piece of the spike protein found on multiple coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, ADG20
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start by early 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Alliance - Proteona/ NMI/ NUS Enterprise/10X Genomics/ NovogeneAIT/ Twist Bioscience/ University Hospitals/ German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital/ Tübingen University Hospital/ NovogeneAIT
Antibody for immunocompromised patients
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Amgen/ Adaptive Biotechnologies
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start ~October 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
AstraZeneca / US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)/ University of Maryland School of Medicine
Antibodies targeting the S protein from convalescent serum, humanized mice, and phage display
pre-clinical
Phase I/II trials begin in summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Atreca / BeiGene / IGM Biosciences/ Singlomics
Novel IgM and IgA antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I/II trials to begin in Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Celltrion
Super-antibody or antibody cocktail to target potential mutations of SARS-CoV-2
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Centivax (Distributed Bio)
Antibody
pre-clinical
Released hamster study results in June 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
CoVIg-19 Plasma Alliance (Takeda, CSL Behring, Biotest AG, Bio Products Laboratory, LFB, and Octapharma, ADMA Biologics, BioPharma Plasma, GC Pharma, Sanquin)/Gates Foundation/ NIAID/ Microsoft
Polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG), unbranded (TAK-888)
pre-clinical
Phase I trials start in summer 2020; To patients between December 2020 and December 2021; Phase III first patient enrolled, Oct 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Cologne University Hospital/ German Center for Infection Research/ Boehringer Ingelheim
BI 767551, Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Clinical trials to start in 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Columbia University Irving Medical Center; IAVI and Serum Research Institute India
Mix of neutralizing antibodies isolated from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Recruiting Dec 2020.
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS)/ The University of Costa Rica (UCR)/ Clodomiro Picado Institute
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Edesa Biotech / Light Chain Bioscience (NovImmune)
Monocloncal antibodies, CXC10 antagonist
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Eli Lilly/ Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
Neutralizing antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Emergent BioSolutions
Horse plasma product (COVID-EIG)
pre-clinical
Phase II trials begin ~August 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Fab'entech
Polyclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Expected to begin Phase I/II trials in early 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
FairJourney Biologics / Iontas
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
GigaGen
rCIG (recombinant anti-coronavirus 19 hyperimmune gammaglobulin), polyclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I trial expected to start early 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Grifols
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
IGY Life Sciences/ MMS Holdings/ Canadian Government National Microbiology Lab
IgY-110, anti-CoV-2 antibody (nasal spary application)
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
ImmunoPrecise Antibodies
Monoclonal antibody cocktail
pre-clinical
Lead candidates identified June 2020, pre-clinical studies to start summer 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Immunome
Novel biosynthetic convalescent plasma (BCP)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Innovent Biologics
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Antibodies (OmniChicken platform)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Antibodies (OmniRat platform)
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Medicago / Laval University's Infectious Disease Research Centre
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Prellis Biologics
Antibodies
pre-clinical
Phase I trial could begin as early as Sept 2020
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Public Health England (Stuart Dowall)
Purified ovine immunoglobulin from immunized sheep
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Rosalind Franklin Institute/ Oxford University/ Diamond Light Source/ Public Health England
Nanobodies from Llamas
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Tiziana Life Sciences
TZLS-501, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (inhalation technology in development-Foralumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody)
pre-clinical
Plan to initiate Phase I in Q1 2021
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
University of Texas at Austin/ US National Institutes of Health/ Ghent University
Linked nanobody antibody
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Virna Therapeutics/ University of Toronto
Neutralizing antibodies
pre-clinical
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Xbiotech/ BioBridge Global
Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
pre-clinical
Unknown
Anticipated Next Steps
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Next Steps
Cell-Based Therapies
Cell-based therapies work by transferring into patients live cells to treat a specific disease. To make cell-based therapies, researchers take cells either from the patient (called “autologous” therapies) or from a donor (called “allogeneic”therapies) and either transfer the cells unchanged or change the cells in specific ways to treat a specific disease (e.g., CAR-T therapies). Different cell types from different sources can be used (e.g., stem cells from fat tissue or bone marrow, cells from placenta, T-cells, natural killer [NK] cells). To treat COVID-19 disease, potential cell-based therapies work, in general, by helping the patient’s immune system work better (and not overreact) by releasing signals to other cells in the body to coordinate a proper reaction to the infection and help healing.
AgenTus Therapeutics (Agenus)
AgenT-797, allogeneic invariant natural killer T cells
clinical
FDA cleared Phase I trial June 2020; First patient dosed Nov 2020
n/a
AlloVir / Baylor College of Medicine
Allogeneic T-cell therapies
clinical
Phase I not yet recruiting July 2020; ; FDA IND approved Sept 2020; Dosing began Nov 2020
n/a
Aspire Health Science
ACT-20, allogeneic cell preparation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue
clinical
Phase I/II trial FDA cleared June 2020
n/a
Athersys / The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
MultiStem, bone marrow stem cells
clinical
Phase II/III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Caladrius Biosciences
CLBS119, autologous peripheral blood-derived CD34+ cell therapy
clinical
Phase II trial expected to start Q3 2020; Phase I open label trial began Oct 2020
n/a
Capricor Inc.
CAP-1002, allogenic cardiosphere-derived cells
clinical
Expanded access protocol trial ongoing May 2020; FDA approved IND in August 2020 for Phase II trial
n/a
Cellenkos
CK0802, allogeneic cell therapy containing T-regulatory cells from umbilical cord blood processed to express lung homing markers on the cell surface
clinical
Two case reports released July 2020; FDA cleared Phase I trial July 2020
n/a
Celltex
Autologous Adipose-Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) and allogeneic MSCs
clinical
FDA approves Phase II trial June 2020
n/a
Celularity/ Lung Biotechnology PBC/ California Institute for Regnerative Medicine (CIRM)
CYNK-001, allogeneic, natural killer cell therapy
clinical
Phase I/II study recruiting August 2020; Dosing began for Phase I/II Phase; I/II evaluation complete Dec 2020.
n/a
Cynata Therapeutics
CYP-001 (Cymerus MSC), Mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase II to start in July 2020 in Australia
n/a
Daewoong
DWP710, DW-MSC, a mesenchymal stem cell therapy
clinical
Phase I trial started July 2020
n/a
Duke-NUS Medical School; various hospitals (Singapore)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)/T cell receptors (TCR)-T cell therapy
clinical
Phase I/II open label trials began in July 2020
n/a
Enlivex Therapeutics
Allocetra, early apopototic cells
clinical
Phase II trial started May 2020; First patient dosed in phase II trials in Israel
n/a
Hope Biosciences/Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD/ Other global research sponsors
Allogenic, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HB-adMSCs)
clinical
Phase II started in April 2020, Phase I efficacy trial began Aug 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio / NantKwest / Be The Match BioTherapies
Bone marrow-derived allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (BM-Allo-MSC)
clinical
Phase Ib trial to start June 2020
n/a
Lattice Biologics
AmnioBoost, concentrated allogeneic MSCs and cytokines derived from amniotic fluid
clinical
Phase I enrolling April 2020
n/a
Mesoblast/ Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network
Ryoncil (remestemcel-L), allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Expanded access protocol started for children July 2020; Phase II/III trial started May 2020
n/a
Naturecell Co. LTD
Astrostem-V, Allogenic, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HB-adMSCs)
clinical
Phase I/IIa trial approved by South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in March 2020; Phase I/II efficacy trial to start Dec 2020
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors/ MD Anderson Cancer Center
Mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase I trials ongoing May 2020; Phase I/II trials recruiting May 2020; Phase II/III trial recruiting May 2020; Phase 2 trial enrollment Sept 2020-EXIT COVID-19
n/a
Pluristem Therapeutics/ BIH Center for Regenerative Therapy/ Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies
PLX cell product, placenta-based cell therapy
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020; Results from individual patient expanded access released in April/May 2020; Phase II trials began Nov 2020. PLI study terminated Dec 2020.
n/a
Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel)
MSV_allo, allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase
I/II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Sentien Biotechnologies
SBI-101, biologic/device combo product with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and a phasmapheresis device
clinical
Phase I/II trial to start August 2020 Phase I/II now recruiting Nov 2020.
n/a
Therapeutic Solutions International
StemVacs, universal donor natural killer cell-based therapy
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Trustem Cell Therapy
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
clinical
Phase II trial to start in Columbia in July 2020
n/a
Vitro Biopharma/ Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research
AlloRx stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchyma stem cell therapy
clinical
Individual expanded access results released July 2020; IND submitted to FDA April 2020
n/a
AgeX
Therapeutics/ ImStem Biotechnology
IMS001, human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MSC)
pre-clinical
n/a
Baylx, Inc.
BX-U001, allogeneic umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)
pre-clinical
FDA cleared Investigational New Drug (IND) application for BX-U001
n/a
BioCardia
BCDA-4, bone marrow-derived allogenic neurokinin-1 receptor positive mesenchymal stem cells
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
CAR-T (Shanghai) Biotechnology
Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells
pre-clinical
Phase I/II trials began April 2020
n/a
Citius/Novellus
NoveCite cells (NC-MSCs), mesenchymal stem cells derived from a single donor's fibroblasts
pre-clinical
Phase I trial to start by end of 2020
n/a
GC LabCell / KLEO Pharmaceuticals
Natural killer cell-based therapy
pre-clinical
Begin Phase I by end of 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio / NantKwest
haNK, natural killer cells
pre-clinical
Pre-IND submitted to FDA in May 2020
n/a
Kangstem Biotech
Furestem RA, allogenic umbilical cord blood-derived stem cell therapy
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Regeneris Medical
Autologous Adipose-Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
SMSbiotech
Small mobile stem (SMS) cells
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Devices
Not all potential therapies to treat COVID-19 are drugs. Some are devices or machines that in some way treat a disease. These potential treatments include blood purification devices that filter patients’ blood to remove excess proteins (e.g., cytokines causing the“cytokine storm”) or toxins that are causing problems that can lead to respiratory or organ failure in patients.
ALung Technologies
Hemolung Respiratory Assist System
clinical
Phase III (COViNOX Study) Trials began Summer/Fall 2020
n/a
Abiomed
Impella RP heart pump
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization for Impella heart pumps in COVID-19 therapy on May 29, 2020
n/a
Baxter
Oxiris Blood Purification Filter
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 23, 2020
n/a
Bellerophon; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
INOpulse
clinical
Phase III trial began July 2020; Expanded access trial ended July 2020; Phase III (COViNOX Study) Trials began Summer/Fall 2020
n/a
Beyond Air Ltd
LungFit (with ultra-high concentrations of nitric oxide)
clinical
Phase II trial enrolling July 2020
n/a
CytoSorbents Corporation
CytoSorb (blood purification device, extracorporeal cytokine adsorber))
clinical
Intervention trial started May 2020; Recruitment began Oct 2020
n/a
ExThera Medical
Seraph100MicrobindAffinity Blood Filter (Seraphy 100), approved in the EU for pathogen reduction
clinical
DOD to fund a multi-center trial June 2020; FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 17, 2020
n/a
Fresenius Medical
MultiFiltrate PRO System and multiBic/multiPlus Solutions, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 30, 2020
n/a
Terumo BCT Inc / Marker Therapeutics AG
Extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) devices, Spectra Optia® Apheresis System combined with D2000 Adsorption Cartridge
clinical
FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization on April 9, 2020
n/a
electroCore
gammaCore Sapphire CV, vagus nerve stimulation device
clinical
FDA granted Emergency Use Authorization July 10, 2020
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
RNA-Based Treatments
RNA molecules carry instructions that tell our cells how to build the proteins they need. As disease treatments, modified (genetically altered) RNA molecules are given to patients that can block the making of specific harmful proteins (e.g.,antisense therapy) or make particular helpful proteins (e.g., mRNA therapy). To treat COVID-19, RNA-based therapies can, for example, interfere with the virus hijacking our cells to make more copies of itself by blocking the construction of viral proteins.
AIM ImmunoTech/ National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan/ Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
Ampligen; (rintatolimod)
clinical
Phase I/II trial of Ampligen (rintatolimod), in combination with interferon alfa-2b, in cancer patients with COVID-19 not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
Mateon Therapeutics
OT-101, a TGF-Beta antisense drug candidate
clinical
Phase II study IND submitted to FDA on April 27, 2020; Phase II trials approved in Peru Nov 2020
n/a
Neurimmune/ Ethris
Inhaled mRNA
pre-clinical
Phase I to start Q4 2020
n/a
Sarepta Therapeutics / US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)
Antisense oligonucleotides, peptide conjugated
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sirnaomics
RNAi - testing 150 RNAis
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vir Biotech / Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
VIR-2703 (ALN-COV) siRNA candidate
pre-clinical
Phase I to start by the end of 2020
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Scanning Compounds to Repurpose
Research institutions and pharmaceutical companies have “libraries” of drug compounds discovered or made while exploring their potential to treat various diseases, some of which may have gone on to get FDA approval (and are used today to treat patients) and some of which stayed on laboratory shelves. When COVID-19 hit, many of these organizations started looking back at the drugs in these collections to see if they held something that might help. In addition, some researchers are using new technologies like artificial intelligence to try to use characteristics of the virus to find or design drugs that might successfully treat COVID-19.
Anixa Biosciences / OntoChem
Screening for antiviral drug candidates. Specified antiviral drug candidates: remdesivir
pre-clinical
Initial in silico screening completed July 2020, testing identified compounds in pre-clincial studies July 2020
n/a
COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator
Scanning compound libraries. Specifically small molecule drugs: monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Enanta Pharmaceuticals
Screening new drugs + library of antiviral compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Exscalate4Cov,
public-private consortium
Screening a chemical library of 500 billion molecules
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Healx
Artifical intellegence based screening to identify repurposed drug combinations. AI has specifically noted Baricitinib
pre-clinical
Combinations will be ready for pre-clinical testing in May 2020
n/a
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
Scanning library of antiviral compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Materia Medica/Cyclica/Manin
Repurposing antiviral drug candidates
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Merck
CD24Fc (MK-7110) Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Novartis
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Nuritas
AI-based screening to identify a peptide cocktail
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Pfizer
Scanning antiviral compounds previously in development
pre-clinical
Lead candidate (protease inhibitor) to start Phase I trial in Q3 2020
n/a
Quantitative Biosciences Institute Coronavirus Research Group
Reviewing existing drugs and compounds through mapping viral-human protein interactions
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Queens University Belfast
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, the University of Hong Kong, Scripps Research, UC San Diego School of Medicine, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and UCLA
Identifying drugs to repurpose
pre-clinical
Identifying drugs to repurpose. Specified drugs: astemizole, clofazamine, remdesivir, chloroquine derivative hanfangchin A (tetrandrine), apilimod, and ONO 5334
n/a
Shionogi / Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
Identify novel drugs
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Southwest Research Institute
Screening drug compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Takeda
Scanning compounds to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
The Castleman Disease Collaborative Network and the Center for Study & Treatment of Inflammatory Lymphadenopathies
Identifying drugs to repurpose
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vanda Pharmaceuticals / University of Illinois at Chicago
Screening of drug compounds
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Vir Biotechnology / GSK
Identify anti-coronavirus compounds that target cellular host genes
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Wyss Institute
Identify FDA-approved drugs to repurpose to prevent or treat COVID-19
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Other
This “other” drug category is a catchall for anything that doesn’t fit neatly into the other product categories. These potential treatments vary widely in the ways they work, the diseases they treat (for those approved by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) or are in development to treat, and how they are given to patients. These drugs include things like steroids, malarial drugs, drugs that treat high blood pressure, cancer drugs, drugs that treat the over-reaction of the immune system seen in some COVID-19 patients (i.e., the “cytokine storm”), drugs that treat autoimmune diseases, and drugs that prevent blood clots.
I-SPY COVID Trial (Takeda)
Firazyr (icatibant), bradykinin B2 antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
4D Pharma
MRx-4DP0004, strain of Bifidobacterium breve isolated from the gut microbiome of a healthy human
clinical
Phase II enrolling July 2020
n/a
ACCORD trial; University Hospital, Ghent/UCB Pharma
Zilucoplan, a synthetic macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of the terminal complement protein C5
clinical
Phase II trial began recruitment July 2020 Patient enrollment began Dec 2020.
n/a
ACTIV-5/BET-B for COVID-19/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)/Boehringer Ingelheim/AbbVie
risankizumab monoclonal antibody & remdesivir + lenzilumab
clinical
Phase 2 ACTIV-5 Big Effect Trial (BET-B) began Oct 2020
n/a
AI Therapeutics/ Yale University
LAM-002A (apilimod dimesylate), PIKfyve kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial started July 2020
n/a
ARMS Pharmaceutical / UH Cleveland Medical Center / Case Western Reserve University
ARMS-1
clinical
Trial starts April 2020
n/a
Aarhus University
senicapoc
clinical
Phase II trial ongoing July 2020; Phase II trials recruitment begin Oct 2020
n/a
Abivax
ABX464
clinical
Phase IIb/III trial started July 2020, top line results expected in 2020
n/a
Aldeyra Therapeutics
ADX-629, orally available reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor
clinical
IND submission to FDA in June 2020; FDA approval to begin Phase II trials in Sept 2020; Phase II trials to begin 4th qtr 2020; Phase II began Dec 2020.
n/a
Aldeyra Therapeutics
ADX-1612, HSP 90 inhibitor
clinical
IND submission to FDA in June 2020; FDA approval to begin Phase II trials in Sept 2020
n/a
Algernon Pharmaceuticals
Cerocal (ifenprodil), NP-120, an NDMA receptor glutamate receptor antagonist targeting Glu2NB
clinical
Phase IIb/III trial to start July 2020. Patients enrolled Nov 2020. Patient enrollment complete Dec 2020.
n/a
Amarin Corp
Vascepa (icosapent ethyl), a form of eicosapentaenoic acid
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Amgen; I-SPY COVID trial/Takeda/AbbieVie
Otezla (apremilast), inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)
clinical
I-SPY COVID-19 TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial for Critically Ill Patients (I-SPY_COVID) starts July 2020. Enrolling patients August 2020. First patients enrolled Dec 2020.
n/a
Apeptico/ Medical University Vienna
solnatide (synthetic molecule with a structure based on the lectin-like domain of human Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha)
clinical
Phase II trials ongoing July 2020; Individual expanded access in Austria April 2020
n/a
Applied
Biology/ Brown University/ Corpometria Institute
dutasteride, anti-androgen
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Applied Therapeutics/ numerous New York City hospitals
AT-001, aldose reductase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
Arch Biopartners
Metablok (LSALT peptide), selective dipeptidase-1 antagonist
clinical
FDA and Health Canada approved Phase II trial start in July 2020; Phase II trials approved to begin patient enrollment in Turkey Oct 2020; first patient dosed for Phase II trials in Turkey and US (Louisiana)
n/a
AstraZeneca/ Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; TACTIC-E trial studying dapagliflozin + ambrisentan
Farxiga (dapagliflozin), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLTs) inhibitor
clinical
Phase III study started in April 2020 (AstraZeneca)
n/a
AstraZeneca; ACCORD study/Rigel Pharmaceuticals
Calquence (acalabrutinib), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor
clinical
Case series results released June 2020; ACCORD Phase II trial to start May 2020; Phase 2 trial (fostamatinib) starts Sept 2020
n/a
BerGenBio; ACCORD study
bemcentinib, selective AXL kinase inhibitor
clinical
ACCORD trial started June 2020, top line data expected summer 2020
n/a
Beth Israel Deaconess, the University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Campus, and Denver Health (Genentech); University College London; Boehringer Ingelheim
Activase (alteplase), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
BioAegis Therapeutics Inc.
recombinant human plasma gelsolin (rhu-pGSN)
clinical
Phase II trial has recruited one third of enrollees/Trial expanded to EU Dec 2020.
n/a
Biohaven/ Thomas Jefferson University
vazegepant, CGRP receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II/III recruiting July 2020
n/a
Biomarck Pharmaceuticals
BIO-11006, inhaled peptide
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Blade Therapeutics
BLD-2660, synthetic small molecule inhibitor of calpain (CAPN) 1, 2, and 9
clinical
Enrollment completed for Phase II trials
n/a
CTI Biopharma
pacritinib, oral kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, IRAK1 and CSFIR
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting July 2020, results expected by the end of 2020
n/a
CalciMedica
Auxora (CM4620-IE), calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel inhibitor
clinical
Open label phase II trial top line data released July 2020; Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Can-Fite BioPharma
piclidenoson, A3 adenosine receptor agonist
clinical
IND (investigational new drug application) expected to be filed with FDA by end of July 2020; IND approved Sept 2020
n/a
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital
Entresto (sacubitril, a neprilysin inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Chimerix
DSTAT (dociparstat sodium), glycosaminoglycan derivative of heparin
clinical
Phase II/III trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Constant Therapeutics LLC; Columbia University Irving Medical Center; ACTIV-4d RAAS; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Multiple global research sponsors
TXA127 (human peptide angiotensin-(1-7))
clinical
Phase II trial initiated July 2020; Added to ACTIV-4d RAAS trial May 2021
n/a
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals / University of Edinburgh
fadraciclib (CYC065), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/9 inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals / University of Edinburgh
roscovitine seliciclib, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/9 inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Dompe farmaceutici (as part of Exscalate4CoV)
raloxifene (Evista), an estrogen agonist/antagonist
clinical
Safety/efficacy trials began in Italy Oct 2020
n/a
Eagle Pharmaceuticals / Amneal Pharmaceuticals / Alcami Corporation / Hackensack University Medical Center
Ryanodex (dantrolene sodium), skeletal muscle relaxant
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc./ Johns Hopkins University
Peginterferon lambda
clinical
Phase II began in April 2020
n/a
Eisai
Eritoran, TLR-4 antagonist
clinical
Added to REMAP-COVID trial in June 2020; First patient enrolled in Aug 2020
n/a
Evelo Biosciences/ Rutgers University/ Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital/ TACTIC-E trial (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)
EDP1815, oral single strain of microbe
clinical
Part of Phase II/III Phase TACTIC-E trial and interim data expected 4Q 2020; Phase II US trial to start August 2020
n/a
Exvastat Ltd / Global sponsors
Gleevec (imatinib), kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase II and Phase III trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
Eyegate Pharma
PP-001
clinical
Unknown
n/a
FSD Pharma
FSD-201 (ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide)
clinical
Phase I topline results released June 2020; IND submitted to FDA Aug 2020
n/a
Faron Pharmaceuticals / REMAP-CAP global trial/ WHO SOLIDARITY trial/ various global researchers
Traumakine (interferon beta 1-a)
clinical
Results from various trials released June 2020; REMAP-CAP trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health/ Alchem
Pepcid (famotidine), histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II study underway in April 2020; Phase II trials recruiting Nov 2020
n/a
Fulcrum
Therapeutics
losmapimod, oral selective p38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor
clinical
Phase III trial to begin June 2020; Enrollment began for Phase III trials, Phase III trial discontinued March 2020
n/a
Genentech
MSTT1041A (anti-ST2, the receptor for IL-33)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Genentech
UTTR1147A (IL-22-Fc)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Center (CIGB), Cuba
CIGB-258, immunoregulatory peptide, Jusvinza
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Global research sponsors
TD139, specific inhibitor of galectin-3, inhalation powder
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Hebrew University of Jerusalem/ University of Pennsylvania/ University Arizona
Tricor (fenofibrate), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist
clinical
Invite only intervention trial Sept 2020
n/a
Heron Therapeutics
Cinvanti (aprepitant), a substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
I-SPY COVID Trial (Aerpio Pharmaceuticals), - RESCUE Trial various academic researchers/Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium (MTEC)
Razuprotafib, Tie 2 activating compound (AKB-9778)
clinical
Second trial to start in August 2020; Dosing began Phase II platform/I-SPY trial Sept 2020; Phase II/RESCUE Trial Sept 2020; Phase II Discontinued March 2021; Trials terminated June 2021
n/a
I-SPY COVID Trial (Allergan); National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
Cenicriviroc, chemokine receptor 2 and 5 dual antagonist
clinical
Clinical trials to start in Aug 2020; ACTIV-1 1M Phase III trials began Oct 2020
n/a
Immunic, Inc./University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
IMU-838, selective oral dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial started June 2020, top line results expected in 2020, Recruiting Aug 2020 (IMU 838 +Oseltamivir); ; Phase II enrollment began Oct 2020
n/a
ImmunityBio/ NantKwest
N-803, IL-15 "superagonist" (Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept)
clinical
Phase Ib trial to start June 2020
n/a
Innovation Pharmaceuticals
Brilacidin, a defensin mimetic
clinical
Phase II trial anticipated to start Q4 2020
n/a
Inotrem
Nangibotide
clinical
Phase II trial cleared by FDA, French and Belgian authorities July 2020; First patient dosed Oct 2020 (COVITREM- 1)
n/a
Insmed Inc.
brensocatib, oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1)
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Merck KGaA); IRCCS San Raffaele; WHO global SOLIDARITY Trial
Rebif (interferon beta-1a)
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
KD Pharma / SLA Pharma
EPAspire, oral formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) in gastro-resistant capsules
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Karyopharm Therapeutics
Xpovio (selinexor), oral, selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound
clinical
Phase II trial ongoing July 2020
n/a
King's College London
Flarin (lipid ibuprofen)
clinical
Phase IV trial recruiting in July 2020
n/a
Kintor/ Applied Biology
proxalutamide (GT0918), anti-androgen
clinical
1st patient enrolled in Brazil Aug 2020; Expanding patient enrollment Oct 2020, Female patient trial enrollment Dec 2020; Approval of investigational new drug application of phase III trial.
n/a
Laurent Pharmaceuticals
LAU-7b (fenretinide)
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020, FDA approval to start enrollment August 2020
n/a
Massachusetts General Hospital; University of British Columbia; Sanotize Research and Development
Nitric oxide
clinical
Massachusetts General Hospital Phase II trial ongoing July 2020; other Phase II trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
MediciNova/ Yale
MN-166 (ibudilast), orally bioavailable, small molecule macrophase migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor and phosphodiesterase (PDE) -4 and -10 inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial FDA approved and not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
MedinCell/ University of Utah/ Surgisphere Corp; University of Baghdad; Tanta University; other global research sponsors
ivermectin
clinical
Phase II to start in August 2020; Phase II began Oct 2020
n/a
Merck KGaA
M5049, small molecule that block the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8
clinical
FDA cleared Phase 2 trial to begin in June 2020; Phase 2 recruitment began Aug 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Cozaar (losartan), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
clinical
Gates Foundation trial results expected by end of summer 2020; Phase III trials began Oct 2020 in Canada
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors
Diovan (valsartan), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
clinical
Veterans observational study ongoing July 2020; Phase IV trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including UK SPIKE-1 trial
camostat mesylate, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor, approved in Japan to treat multiple conditions including pancreatitis
clinical
Phase I/II, Phase II, and Phase III trials recruiting in May 2020; Phase II (CAMELOT Trial) enrollment began Nov 2020
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors, including University of Tokyo/ National Center for Global Health and Medicine/ Ensysce Biosciences/ Institut Pasteur Korea/ Daiichi Sankyo (inhalation formulation)/ University of Edinburgh
nafamostat, approved in Japan to treat pancreatitis and other diseases
clinical
University of Tokyo trial (IV formulation) starts April 2020; Ensysce trial will be with oral formulation
n/a
Multiple global research sponsors; ACCORD Trial
heparin; low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin), anticoagulant
clinical
Phase II/III/IV trials began June 2020; Sept 2020
n/a
NIH ACTIV-4 Antithrombotics/ nonprofit organizations/numerous biopharmaceutical companies
Apixaban (Eliquis) blood thinner, direct oral anticoagulant
clinical
Phase III trials for ACTIV-4 Antithrombotics launched Sept 2020; Recruitment began for Phase III trial Nov 2020
n/a
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)
Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 3 (ACTT-3), Remdesivir + interferon beta-1a
clinical
Phase III trial started August 2020
n/a
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)'s Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial; Nova Scotia Health Authority; Hospital of Prato; University of Colorado (Eli Lilly); TACTIC-R trial
Olumiant (baricitinib), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
clinical
Eli Lilly Phase III trial started June 2020; NIAID trial remdesivir + baricitinib recruiting May 2020, Received Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA in Nov 2020
n/a
NeoImmune Tech/ NIAID / University of Nebraska Medical Center
NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa), long-acting human IL-7
clinical
Phase I trial cleared by FDA July 2020; Second study for NT-I7 approved by FDA. Patient dosing began 2020.
n/a
NeuroRx/ Relief Therapeutics/ Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/ NYU Langone Health/ Houston Methodist Hospital
Aviptadil, synthetic form of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (RLF-100)
clinical
Phase II/III trial ongoing July 2020; FDA grants Fast Track Designation June 2020; Expanded access protocols
n/a
Novartis / Incyte, numerous researchers globally
Jakafi/jakavi (ruxolitinib)
clinical
Novartis/Incyte Phase III trial started April 2020; Expanded access protocols
n/a
Noveome Biotherapeutics/ Singota Solutions
ST266, cell-free biologic made from anti-inflammatory proteins secreted by placental cells
clinical
Phase I/II to start in Q4 2020; Phase I IV trials expected 1st QTR 2021
n/a
Noxopharm
Veyonda (idronoxil)
clinical
Phase I started July 2020; Phase I approved in Austrilia for NOXCOVID-1 trial to begin at clinical sites in Ukraine and Moldova
n/a
Numerous global sponsors
Recombinant human interferon alpha-1b
clinical
Phase III trial recruiting May 2020
n/a
Numerous research sponsors globally
colchicine
clinical
Open-label Greek study results published June 2020
n/a
Numerous research sponsors globally
dipyridamole (Persantine), anticoagulant
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020; Individual patient expanded access
n/a
Numerous trials with global research sponsors including World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial; ORCHID trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); REMAP-CAP global trial; Novartis; PRINCIPLE trial
Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial
clinical
Brazilian study results released July 2020; Univ. of Minnesota early, mild outpatient trial results released July 2020; Prevention studies continue in Asia; NIH study stopped in June 2020; Novartis discontinues trial due to feasibility of recruitment in June 2020; WHO discontinues hydroxychloquine arm in the SOLIDARITY trial July 2020; FDA revoked the March 28, 2020 Emergency Use Authorization on June 15, 2020; RECOVERY trial prelim results released June 2020, trial arm stopped
n/a
Numerous trials with research sponsors globally; University of Oxford RECOVERY trial; REMAP-CAP global trial; Covis Pharma B.V.
Methylprednisolone/ ciclesonide (Alvesco)/ hydrocortisone/ corticosteroids
clinical
Japan approves dexmethasone as COVID treatment July 2020; RECOVERY trial results released (dexamethasone) June/July 2020; Phase III trial to begin July 2020
n/a
Ohio State University
VentaProst, inhaled epoprostenol delivered via a dedicated delivery system
clinical
Phase II trial currently recruiting patients
n/a
OncoImmune
CD24Fc, biological immunomodulator (nonpolymorphic regions of CD24 attached to the Fc region of human IgG1)
clinical
Phase III trial progress report released in June 2020
n/a
Organicell Regenerative Medicine
Organicell Flow, acellular product derived from amniotic fluid
clinical
Phase I/II trial cleared by FDA in May 2020; Individual expanded access results released May 2020
n/a
Orpheris
(Ashvattha Therapeutics)
OP-101, dendrimer-based therapy
clinical
FDA agreed to Phase II June 2020; patient enrollment began Sept 2020
n/a
PTC Therapeutics
PTC299, oral small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)
clinical
Phase II/III trial initiated in Australia November 2020
n/a
Partner Therapeutics/ Singapore General Hospital/ University Hospital, Ghent
Leukine (sargramostim, rhu-Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor )
clinical
Phase II and Phase IV trials recruiting July 2020, enrollment for Phase II began August 2020
n/a
Pfizer; other global research sponsors
Xeljanz (tofacitinib), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
clinical
Pfizer and other Phase II trial not yet recruiting July 2020
n/a
PharmaMar/ Boryung Pharmaceutical/ Hospitals in Spain
Aplidin (plitidepsin), approved in Australia to treat multiple myeloma
clinical
Phase I trial recruiting July 2020; Trials in Korea to start 3Q 2020
n/a
Pharming
Ruconest (recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor)
clinical
Phase II trial not yet recruiting July 2020; compassionate use; 2nd Phase II open label trial to start Sept 2020. First patient enrolled Dec 2020.
n/a
PhaseBio
PB1046, long-acting, sustained release human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analogue
clinical
Phase II trial started July 2020 and results in Q4 2020. Clinical trial terminated Dec 2020.
n/a
Pulmotect
PUL-042 inhalation solution
clinical
Phase II trials recruiting July 2020
n/a
RECOVERY trial and multiple global research sponsors
azithromycin, antibiotic
clinical
Unknown
n/a
REMAP-CAP trial
Levaquin (levofloxacin), a fluoroquinolone antibacterial
clinical
Unknown
n/a
REMAP-CAP trial
ceftriaxone, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic
clinical
Unknown
n/a
RedHill Biopharma
Yeliva (opaganib, ABC294640), oral sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) selective inhibitor, orally administered
clinical
Phase II/III trials in Russia and UK to start in July 2020; Phase IIa in US ongoing in July 2020; Preliminary data from individual patient expanded access released in April 2020; Phase II/III approved for trials in Mexico, UK, Italy, and Russia; Global Phase II/III trial has passed 4 DSMB reviews
n/a
RedHill Biopharma/ NIAID
RHB-107 (upamostat, WX-671), serine protease inhibitor, orally administered
clinical
Phase II/III trials begin 4th qtr 2020; Unique home-based phase II/III trial started March 2021.
n/a
Resverlogix
apabetalone (RVX-208), selective BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) inhibitor
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Revive Therapeutics, Ltd.
Bucillamine, a cysteine derivative thiol-based drug
clinical
Phase III Trial began Nov 2020.
n/a
Romark Laboratories; various researchers globally
nitazoxanide, antiprotozoal
clinical
Phase II/III and Phase III trials recruiting July 2020; Phase II trial completed (Brazil); Phase II trials began for the TriACT Trial Nov 2020
n/a
SciTech Development, LLC
ST-001 nanoFenretinide (fenretinide)
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Senhwa Biosciences, Inc
Silmitasertib, small molecule drug, targets CK2 & CK2-inhibitor
clinical
FDA IIT approved was granted Aug 2020 for use in COVID patients, First patient dosed in Dec 2020.
n/a
Sun
Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
AQCH, plant-derived (phytopharmaeutical) drug
clinical
Phase II trial started June 2020, results expected by October
n/a
Swedish Orphan Biovitrum/ REMAP-CAP global trial/ Numerous global trial sponsors
Kineret (anakinra), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Some trial results released June 2020
n/a
Synairgen/ University of Southampton
SNG001, inhaled formulation of interferon beta-1a
clinical
Phase II trial initial results released July 2020
n/a
Trevena; REMAP-CAP COVID-19 ACE2 RAS Modulation Domain; ACTIV-4d RAAS; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Imperial College London
TRV027 (Novel AT1 receptor-selective agonist)
clinical
Provisional patent application filed with US Patent and Trademark Office for ARDS and prevention/treatment of abnormal clotting in COVID-19 April 2020; Added to REMAP-CAP April 2021; Added to ACTIV-4d RAAS trial May 2021
n/a
Union Therapeutics/ Institute Pasteur Korea/ Daewoong Therapeutics; First Wave Bio/ANA Therapeutics
UNI9011 (Union Therapeutics), FW-1022 (First Wave Bio), DWRX2003 (Daewoong) niclosamide
clinical
Danish Medicines Agency approved a Phase I trial July 2020 (UN9011, Union Therapeutics); Daewoong to apply for Phase I trial in Korea in July 2020; FDA cleared to begin clinical trials in Aug 2020; Dosing completed in Aug 2020
n/a
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Leading Biosciences
Lysteda/Cyklokapron/LB1148 (tranexamic acid), an antifibrinolytic
clinical
Phase II recruiting July 2020
n/a
University of British Columbia/Apeiron Biologics
APN01; recombinant soluble human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020. Patient enrollment complete Dec 2020.
n/a
University of Hawaii (Boehringer Ingelheim); other global research sponsors
Micardis (telmisartan)
clinical
Phase II Univ. of Hawaii trial started June 2020
n/a
Vanda Pharmaceuticals / Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health
tradipitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
clinical
Phase III trial started in April 2020
n/a
Various global research sponsors
Aldactone (spironolactone), aldosterone antagonist
clinical
Unknown
n/a
Various researchers globally, including University of Oxford
almitrine
clinical
Observational trial completed April in France;, Phase III trial recruiting Sept 2020 in France
n/a
Various researchers worldwide, including Ashford and St Peters Hospital NHS Trust/ Guangdong Uni-Innovation Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd./ Clear Creek Bio, LLC/BMS
leflunomide, pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor (DHODH- Brequinar)
clinical
FDA IND application accepted for Phase Ia/II open label safety trials began in summer 2020; First patient dosed for Phase I trial Sept 2020 (Brequinar); Phase II recruitment began Nov 2020 (CRISIS 2)
n/a
Various researchers worldwide, including University College London/ The Francis Crick Institute (COVASE study)/ I-SPY COVID trial
Pulmozyme (nebulised dornase alfa), a recombinant DNase enzyme
clinical
Phase III trials recruiting June 2020
n/a
Vicore Pharma
VP01, C21, Angiotensin II Type 2 receptor activator
clinical
Phase II dosing began of ATTRACT study in India
n/a
ViralClear Pharmaceuticals
merimepodib, IMPDH inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting July 2020
n/a
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis/ Covid-19 Early Treatment Fund (CETF)
Luvox (fluvoxamine), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
clinical
Phase II trial recruiting May 2020; Phase II trial completed Oct 2020
n/a
Zydus Cadila Group; The Camelot Foundation
interferon/peginterferon alpha-2b, PegIntron, Sylatron, IntronA, PegiHep
clinical
Phase II/III enrolling May 2020. Phase III began Dec 2020.
n/a
Zydus Cadila/ Avant Sante Research Center
desidustat, a hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor
clinical
Phase IIb trials approved to start in Mexico July 2020
n/a
aTyr
ATYR1923, fusion protein (immuno-modulatory domain of histidyl tRNA synthetase fused to the Fc region of a human antibody) modulator of neuropilin-2
clinical
Phase II study started in June 2020; Phase 2 enrollment completed Oct 2020
n/a
BioIncept
sPIF (synthetic pre implantation factor)
pre-clinical
Preparing for a Phase I/IIa trial in May 2020
n/a
Bioxytran
BXT-25; glycoprotein
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
CEL-SCI / University of Georgia Center for Vaccines and Immunology
LEAPS COVID 19 conjugate; Peptides targeting the NP protein
pre-clinical
Animal study results released July 2020
n/a
Chelation Partners
DIBI, iron-binding polymer
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Lupa Bio, Inc.
New drug based on a sugar found in human milk
pre-clinical
Plans to sumit an IND in 2020
n/a
Merck/ IRBM/ RaPharma
PCSK9, Peptides
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Moleculin Biotech/ University of Texas Medical Branch/ Sterling Pharma USA
WP1122, glucose decoy prodrug (and related drug candidates)
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
NanoViricides/ TheraCour Pharma Inc.
A number of synthesized nanoviricide drug candidates
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Nocion Therapeutics
Nocions, molecules that either selectively block Nav 1.7 or antagonize large-pore channels
pre-clinical
Phase I trial to start July 2020; First patient dosed Sept 2020
n/a
Persephone Biosciences
Microbiome therapeutic
pre-clinical
Clinical trials to start in 2020
n/a
Pneumagen Ltd.
Neumifil, multivalent carbohydrate binding molecules
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Quotient Sciences/ CytoAgents
GP1681, small molecule inhibitor of cytokine release
pre-clinical
Phase I/II to start in 2020
n/a
Silkim Pharma
Coronzot, a novel family of drugs, sequestration of the labile iron
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
pHbarrier
pH barrier, transepithelial nebulized alkaline treatment
pre-clinical
Unknown
n/a
Developer / Researcher
Product Description
PHASE
Anticipated Next Steps
Vaccines
A successful vaccine would be able to protect the population from COVID-19. Developers from around the world are using different platforms, from tested ways to induce immunity in a vaccinated person (e.g., live attenuated virus vaccines), to innovative platforms never used before (e.g., DNA-based vaccines), to build vaccines to protect people against COVID-19 disease. Each type offers unique benefits and challenges and we will likely need more than one approved vaccine to vaccinate every person around the globe.
DNA-Based
DNA-based vaccines work by inserting a genetically engineered blueprint of viral gene(s) into small DNA molecules (called plasmids) for injection into vaccinated people.Cells take in the DNA plasmids and follow their instructions to build viral proteins, which the immune system recognizes as foreign, triggering the immune response that protects against the disease.
Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited
DNA; (ZyCoV-D) plasmid vaccine
stage-3
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology/ VGXI Inc./ Richter-Helm BioLogics/ Ology Bioservices/ International Vaccine Institute/ Seoul National University Hospital/ Thermo Fisher Scientific/ Kaneka Eurogentec
DNA; (INO-4800) plasmid vaccine with electroporation
stage-2half3
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio/ Cytiva/ Brickell Biotech
DNA; (AG0301 & AG0302) plasmid vaccine + adjuvant
stage-2half3
Genexine Consortium (GenNBio, International Vaccine Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)/ Binex/ PT Kalbe Pharma
DNA; (formerly GX-19) (GX-19N)
stage-1half2
GeneOne
Life Science
DNA; (GLS-5310)
stage-1half2
Entos Pharmaceuticals/ Cytiva
DNA; (Covigenix)
stage-1half2
Takis/ Applied DNA Sciences/ Evvivax/ Rottapharm Biotech
DNA (COVID-eVax)
stage-1half2
BioNet Asia/ Technovalia/ Vax4COVID/ The University of Sydney/ The University of Western Australia/ Telethon Kids Institute/ PharmaJet
DNA; (COVIGEN) needle-free delivery
stage-1
Symvivo
DNA; bacTRL-Spike
stage-1
OncoSec Medical Incorporated / Providence Cancer Institute
(CORVax12), IL-12 expression platform + “S” glycoprotein
stage-1
Scancell/ University of Nottingham/ Nottingham Trent University
DNA; plasmid vaccine RBD&N
pre-clinical
Statens Serum Institute, Denmark
DNA; (CoVAXIX) plasmid vaccine
pre-clinical
National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia
Plasmid DNA, nanostructured RBD
pre-clinical
Globe Biotech Limited, Bangladesh
DNA plasmid vaccine
pre-clinical
University of Cambridge/ DIOSynVax/ PharmaJet
DNA; (DIOS-CoVax2) synthetic gene inserts compatible with multiple delivery systems
pre-clinical
Mediphage Bioceuticals/ University of Waterloo/ Lambton College
DNA; msDNA-VLP
pre-clinical
Immunomic Therapeutics/ EpiVax/ PharmaJet
DNA; plasmid vaccine, needle-free delivery
pre-clinical
Chula Vaccine Research Center
DNA with electroporation
pre-clinical
OPENCORONA Project: Karolinska Institute/ Justus Liebig University Giessen/ Public Health Agency of Sweden (FoHM)/ IGEA/ Cobra Biologics/ Adlego Biomedical/ Region Stockholm
DNA with electroporation
pre-clinical
National
Research Centre, Egypt
DNA; plasmid vaccine S, S1, S2, RBD & N
pre-clinical
Ege University Drug Development and Pharmacokinetic Research Application Center (ARGEFAR)/ Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
DNA
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
Inactivated Virus
This type of vaccine consists of the disease-causing virus that has been killed (with heat or chemicals), so it won’t make you sick, and can be used in people that may not be able to use a live attenuated virus vaccine (e.g., those who are immunocompromised). In general, inactivated virus vaccines do not provide as strong of an immune response as live attenuated virus vaccines, so additional doses of the vaccine may be needed to get a strong enough immune response. Still, they may be safer for some people.
Kocak Farma Ilac ve Kimya San. A.S.
Inactivated
stage-3
Valneva/ Dynavax/ National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom
Inactivated (Inactivated + CpG 1018), VLA2001
stage-3
Sinovac/ Instituto Butantan/ Bio Farma
Inactivated (inactivated + alum); CoronaVac (formerly PiCoVacc); VACSERA in Egypt
stage-3
Bharat Biotech/ Indian Council of Medical Research/ National Institute of Virology/ Ocugen/ Precisa Medicamentos
Inactivated; whole-virion (COVAXIN) (BBV152)
stage-3
Erciyes University
Inactivated; (ERUCOV-VAC), (TURKOVAC)
stage-3
Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co.,Ltd./ Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Vero cell, (KCONVAC)
stage-3
Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Whole virion inactivated vaccine, CoviVac
stage-3
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated, (BBIBP-CorV)
stage-3
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan
Inactivated, (QazCovid-in®)
stage-3
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm
Inactivated
stage-3
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Inactivated
stage-3
Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co
COVID-19 inactivated vaccine (COVIran Barekat)
stage-2half3
Government
Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO; Thailand) / Dynavax / PATH
Inactivated, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) based chimeric vaccine with or without the adjuvant CpG 1018; (NDV-HXP-S)
stage-1half2
KM Biologics
Inactivated (inactivated + alum); (KD-414)
stage-1half2
Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC; Vietnam) / Dynavax / PATH
Egg-based, inactivated, whole chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Hexapro) + CpG 1018, (COVIVAC)
stage-1half2
Laboratorio Avi-Mex/ National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico/ Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AMEXID)
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV), ("Patria")
stage-1
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
Adjuvanted inactivated vaccine
stage-1
National Research Centre, Egypt
Inactivated; whole virus; (NRC-VACC-01)
pre-clinical
Institute
Butantan (Brazil) / Dynavax / PATH
Egg-based, inactivated, whole chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Hexapro) + CpG 1018
pre-clinical
Sinovac/ Dynavax
Inactivated + adjuvant (CpG 1018)
pre-clinical
Selcuk University
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Osaka University / BIKEN / NIBIOHN
Inactivated
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
Live Attenuated Virus
In contrast to inactivated virus vaccines, these vaccines, also whole viruses, are live to elicit a stronger immune response but weakened to reduce virulence. Examples include those for measles, mumps, and tuberculosis.
Codagenix / Serum Institute of India
Single-dose, intranasal, live attenuated vaccine, (COVI-VAC)
stage-1
Meissa Vaccines
Intranasal live-attenuated chimeric vaccine candidate, (MV-014-212)
stage-1
Indian Immunologicals Ltd/ Griffith University
Codon deoptimized live attenuated virus
pre-clinical
Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University/ Acıbadem Labmed Health Services A.S.
Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
Protein Subunit
Rather than introducing whole viruses to an immune system, a fragment of the virus is used to trigger an immune response and stimulate immunity. Examples include the subunit vaccines against hepatitis B and shingles.
Biological E Ltd/ Dynavax/ Baylor College of Medicine
Protein subunit; (BECOV2)
stage-3
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas
rRBD produced in CHO-cell chemically conjugate to tetanus toxoid; (FINLAY-FR-2) (SOBERANA 02); PastuCovac in Iran
stage-3
Sanofi Pasteur/ GSK
Protein subunit; S protein, baculovirus production; (Vidprevtyn)
stage-3
Novavax/Emergent Biosolutions/ Praha Vaccines/ Biofabri/ Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies/ FDB/ Serum Institute of India/ SK bioscience/ Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited/ AGC Biologics/ PolyPeptide Group/ Endo
Protein subunit; Full length recombinant SARs COV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M; (NVX-CoV2373) (SARS-CoV-2 rS)
stage-3
Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, aluminum adjuvanted, (Nanocovax)
stage-3
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana
CIGB-66 (RBD + aluminum hydroxide)
stage-3
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer); ( ZF2001)
stage-3
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Peptide vaccine, EpiVacCorona
stage-3
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./ Dynavax
Protein subunit, native like trimeric subunit spike protein; (SCB-2019)
stage-2half3
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas
RBD + adjuvant booster dose that contains spike-protein fragments, (SOBERANA PLUS)
stage-2
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp/ NIAID/ Dynavax
MVC-COV1901 vaccine injection; S-2 P protein + CpG 1018
stage-2
Vaxxinity, Inc. (formerly COVAXX and United Neuroscience)/ University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)/ DASA/ United Biomedical Inc. Asia
S1-RBD-protein; Multitope Peptide-Based Vaccine (MVP); UB-612
stage-2
Vaxine Pty Ltd/ Flinders University/ Oracle/ Medytox/ Sypharma/ Oxford Expression Technologies
Protein subunit; recombinant spike protein with Advax adjuvant (COVAX-19)
stage-2
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Spike protein vaccine (Razi Cov Pars)
stage-2
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
RBD (baculovirus production
expressed in Sf9 cells)
stage-2
Laboratorios Hipra, S.A.
Recombinant Protein RBD
stage-1half2
Shionogi & Co., Ltd./ National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan
Recombinant protein vaccine S-268019, baculovirus expression
stage-1half2
SK bioscience/ GSK/ Institute for Protein Design (IPD) at the University of Washington (UW)
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine, (GBP510)
stage-1half2
National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO Cell)
stage-1half2
Kentucky BioProcessing (British American Tobacco)
RBD-based, (KBP-COVID-19)
stage-1half2
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas
RBD + Adjuvant (FINLAY-FR-1) (SOBERANA 01)
stage-1half2
AdaptVac (PREVENT-nCoV consortium)
Protein subunit, capsid-like particle (CLP); (ABNCoV2)
stage-1half2
University Medical Center Groningen/ Akston Biosciences Corporation/ LakePharma
SARS-CoV-2-RBD-Fc fusion protein; (AKS-452)
stage-1half2
VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan
Protein subunit, adjuvanted microsphere peptide, (COVAC-1 & COVAC-2)
stage-1half2
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana
CIGB-669 (RBD-AgnHB)
stage-1half2
Adimmune
Corporation
Baculovirus-insect cells expression system, spike (S) protein (tAdimrSC-2f)
stage-1
Shanghai
Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd/ Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine (CHO Cell); (202-CoV )
stage-1
OSE Immunotherapeutics/ Cenexi
T cell-based vaccine platform (CoVepiT)
stage-1
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) / U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
Protein subunit; S protein (SpFN)
stage-1
Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Gaozhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Recombinant SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus fusion protein vaccine, (V-01)
stage-1
University Hospital Tuebingen
SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides, (CoVAC-1)
stage-1
Sinocelltech Ltd.
Bivalent Recombinant Trimeric S Protein Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variants, (SCTV01C)
pre-clinical
Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd
Adjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein (from B.1.351 variant) subunit vaccine; (SCB-2020S)
pre-clinical
Baiya Phytopharm/ Chula Vaccine Research Center
Plant-based subunit (RBD-Fc + Adjuvant)
pre-clinical
VaxForm
CoV2-OGEN1, protein-based vaccine
pre-clinical
PDS Biotechnology
PDS-0203; Versamune T-cell activating technology
pre-clinical
Intravacc/Epivax
Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-subunit
pre-clinical
IMV, Inc., Canadian Center for Vaccinology at Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Center, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Canadian Immunization Research Network, University of Laval, Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development in Canada
Protein subunit; DPX-COVID-19, protein subunit, peptide antigens formulated in LNP
pre-clinical
Yisheng Biopharma
Protein subunit, recombinant protein
pre-clinical
Flow Pharma
Protein subunit, peptide
pre-clinical
Generex / EpiVax
Protein subunit; Ii-Key peptide
pre-clinical
Vaxil Bio
Protein subunit; peptide
pre-clinical
Bogazici University
Peptide + novel adjuvant
pre-clinical
LakePharma, Inc.
Protein subunit, nanoparticle vaccine
pre-clinical
Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) / Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)
RBD protein (baculovirus production) + FAR-Squalene adjuvant
pre-clinical
MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, GC Pharma
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
Axon Neuroscience SE
Peptides derived from Spike protein; (ACvac1)
pre-clinical
Vabiotech
Protein subunit, recombinant S protein in IC-BEVS
pre-clinical
Neo7Logix
Peptides
pre-clinical
Ohio State University/ Kazakh National Agrarian University
RBD protein delivered in mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticle
pre-clinical
Tampere University
Recombinant S protein produced in BEVS
pre-clinical
Kazakh National Agrarian University, Kazakhstan/ National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections
Recombinant spike protein with Essai O/W 1849101 adjuvant
pre-clinical
Kazakh National Agrarian University
Recombinant spike protein with Essai O/W 1849101 adjuvant
pre-clinical
Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
Recombinant S protein
pre-clinical
AnyGo Technology
Protein subunit, recombinant S1-Fc fusion protein
pre-clinical
Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center
Recombinant S protein
pre-clinical
iBio / CC-Pharming
Protein subunit; Subunit protein, plant produced
pre-clinical
BiOMVis Srl/ University of Trento
OMV-based vaccine
pre-clinical
Heat Biologics (Zolovax)/ University of Miami/ Waisman Biomanufacturing
Protein subunit (gp-96 backbone)
pre-clinical
St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums
Protein subunit, recombinant protein, nanoparticles (based on S-protein and other epitopes)
pre-clinical
ImmunoPrecise/ LiteVax BV
Spike-based (epitope screening)
pre-clinical
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Structurally modified spherical particles of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
pre-clinical
National
Research Centre, Egypt
Protein Subunit S, N, M & S1 protein
pre-clinical
EpiVax / University of Georgia
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
Research
Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
Baylor College of Medicine
Protein subunit; S1 or RBD protein
pre-clinical
University of Alberta
Protein subunit; spike based
pre-clinical
Soligenix/ University of Hawaii at Mānoa
CiVax™ COVID-19 vaccine candidate; spike protein + novel adjuvant
pre-clinical
Intravacc/Epivax
Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-peptide
pre-clinical
Neovii/Tel Aviv University
RBD-based
pre-clinical
University of California, San Diego
Protein subunit; plant virus nanotechnology formulated as injectable and microneedle patch
pre-clinical
Osaka University / BIKEN / National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Japan
Protein subunit, VLP-recombinant protein + adjuvant
pre-clinical
InnoMedica
Protein subunit, TaliCoVax19
pre-clinical
Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso & Trinity Immonoefficient Laboratory, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Subunit
pre-clinical
University of Pittsburgh
PittCoVacc, Protein subunit, microneedle arrays S1 subunit
pre-clinical
OncoGen
Protein subunit, synthetic long peptide vaccine candidate for S and M proteins
pre-clinical
Innovax / Xiamen University / GSK
Protein subunit; COVID-19 XWG-03 truncated Spike proteins
pre-clinical
Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc.
Orally delivered, heat stable subunit
pre-clinical
MIGAL Galilee Research Institute
Protein subunit; oral E. coli-based protein expression system of S and N proteins
pre-clinical
University of Virginia
S subunit intranasal liposomal formulation with GLA/3M052 adjs.
pre-clinical
University of San Martin and CONICET, Argentina
Protein subunit
pre-clinical
Quadram Institute Biosciences
OMV-based vaccine
pre-clinical
ExpreS2ion
Protein subunit, drosophila S2 insect cell expression system VLPs
pre-clinical
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
Subunit vaccine
pre-clinical
UMN Pharma (Shionogi)
Protein subunit; recombinant protein vaccine, utilizing baculovirus expression vector system technology
pre-clinical
EpiVax
Protein subunit EPV-CoV-19
pre-clinical
Sorrento Therapeutics
Recombinant fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain and human IgG Fc (T-VIVA-19)
pre-clinical
AJ Vaccines
Protein subunit; S protein
pre-clinical
Mynvax
RBD-protein
pre-clinical
Verndari/ University of California, Davis
Spike protein; VaxiPatch microneedle array dermal patch
pre-clinical
Chulalongkorn University/ GPO, Thailand
RBD protein fused with Fc of IgG + Adjuvant
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
RNA-Based Vaccine
Similar to DNA vaccines, these experimental vaccines provide immunity through introduction of genetic material (RNA). RNA vaccines can also be potentially developed more quickly and easily than other vaccines. No RNA vaccines have been approved for human use.
BioNTech/ Pfizer/ Fosun Pharma/ Rentschler Biopharma
3 LNP-mRNAs; BNT162
stage-authorized
Moderna/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/ Lonza/ Catalent/ Rovi/ Medidata/ BIOQUAL/ Baxter BioPharma Solutions/ Sanofi/ Recipharm
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273), (TAK-919), (TAK-919), (SPIKEVAX™)
stage-authorized
CureVac/Bayer/Novartis
RNA; mRNA (CVnCoV)
stage-3
ModernaTX,
Inc.
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273.211)
stage-2half3
Arcturus/Duke-NUS/ Catalent
RNA; mRNA; (LUNAR-COV19), (ARCT-021)
stage-2
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/ Walvax Biotech
mRNA (ARCoV)
stage-2
Gennova/ HDT Biotech Corporation
Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine; (HGCO19)
stage-1half2
Elixirgen Therapeutics/ Fujita Health University
srRNA (EXG-5003)
stage-1half2
Daiichi-Sankyo/ University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science
RNA; mRNA (DS-5670)
stage-1half2
Chulalongkorn University/ Chula Vaccine Research Center/University of Pennsylvania
LNP-mRNA; (ChulaCov19)
stage-1
ModernaTX,
Inc.
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1283)
stage-1
Moderna/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273.351)
stage-1
Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc.
PTX-COVID19-B vaccine
stage-1
BiOCAD
RNA; liposome-encapsulated mRNA
pre-clinical
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)/ Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute)
mRNA second generation COVID-19 vaccine
pre-clinical
SENAI CIMATEC/ HDT Bio Corp
Lipid-Inorganic Nanoparticle (LION™) formulated replicating RNA-based vaccine, (HDT-301)
pre-clinical
GlaxoSmithKline/CureVac
Next-generation multi-valent mRNA-based vaccine; (CV2CoV)
pre-clinical
Globe Biotech Limited, Bangladesh
D614G variant LNP-encapsulated mRNA; (BANCOVID), (BANGAVAX)
pre-clinical
CureVac/UK Government (Vaccines Taskforce)
Multiple mRNA vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 variants
pre-clinical
GeneOne Life Science / Houston Methodist
mRNA; (GLS-3000)
pre-clinical
Infectious Disease Research Institute/ Amyris, Inc.
saRNA formulated in a NLC
pre-clinical
Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding S
pre-clinical
Chimeron Bio/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease
Self amplifying RNA, self-assembling delivery system
pre-clinical
Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain
RNA; Replicating defective SARS-CoV-2 derived RNAs
pre-clinical
RNAimmune, Inc.
RNA; several mRNA candidates
pre-clinical
Greenlight Biosciences
mRNA
pre-clinical
Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding RBD
pre-clinical
Ziphius Therapeutics/ Ghent University
RNA; ZIP-1642, vaccine consists of a combination of mRNA molecules, encoding multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens
pre-clinical
CanSino Biologics/Precision Nanosystems
RNA; mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP)
pre-clinical
China CDC / Tongji University / Stermina
RNA; mRNA
pre-clinical
IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain
mRNA
pre-clinical
Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR"
RNA; mRNA
pre-clinical
Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma
RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP
pre-clinical
eTheRNA Immunotherapies / EpiVax/ Nexelis/ REPROCELL / Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination of the University of Antwerp
RNA; mRNA in an intranasal delivery system (cross-strain protective COV-2 mRNA) vaccine for high-risk populations
pre-clinical
Selcuk University
mRNA
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
Virus-Like Particle
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines closely resemble viruses but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. Since VLPs cannot replicate, they provide a safer alternative to attenuated viruses. Examples include the HPV vaccine.
Medicago Inc./ GlaxoSmithKline
VLP; plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjuvants; (CoVLP)
stage-2half3
Icosavax
VLP displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD); (IVX-411)
stage-1half2
Serum Institute of India/ Accelagen Pty/ SpyBiotech
RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP vaccine
stage-1half2
Radboud University
ABNCoV2 capsid virus-like particle, formulated with and without the adjuvant MF59
stage-1
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK)/ Middle East Technical University/ Bilkent University
VLP
stage-1
VBI Vaccines / National Research Council of Canada/ Therapure Biomanufacturing
Enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP): Pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate, targeting COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, spike protein (VBI-2900)
pre-clinical
Arizona State University
Plasmid driven production of virus like particles (VLPs) containing S, M, N and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2
pre-clinical
Arizona State University
Myxoma virus co-expressing S, M, N and E proteins
pre-clinical
Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
VLP
pre-clinical
Tampere University
VLPs produced in BEVS
pre-clinical
University of Manitoba
Virus-like particle-based dendritic cell-targeting vaccine
pre-clinical
ARTES Biotechnology
VLP; eVLP
pre-clinical
University of Sao Paulo
VLPs peptides/whole virus
pre-clinical
Imophoron Ltd / Bristol University's Max Planck Centre
VLP; ADDomerTM multiepitope display
pre-clinical
Doherty Institute
VLP; unknown
pre-clinical
Mahidol University/ The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO)/ Siriraj Hospital
VLP + Adjuvant
pre-clinical
Medicago Inc./ Dynavax
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant (CpG 1018)
pre-clinical
IrsiCaixa AIDS Research/ IRTA-CReSA/ Barcelona Supercomputing Centre/ Grifols
S protein integrated in HIV VLPs
pre-clinical
Saiba GmbH
VLP; virus-like particle, based on RBD displayed on virus-like particle
pre-clinical
Medicago
Inc./ GSK
VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant
pre-clinical
OSIVAX
VLP (COVID-19 and SARS1)
pre-clinical
Bezmialem Vakif University
VLP
pre-clinical
Navarrabiomed, Oncoimmunology group
Virus-like particles, lentivirus, and baculovirus vehicles
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU
Other
From a gene-encoded antibody vaccine to a self-assembling vaccine and more, these are the vaccines being developed that do not fall easily into one of the other product categories or details about its category are not publicly available.
United
Biomedical (UBI)/ c19
Unknown
pre-clinical
Oragenics (Noachis Terra)/ Aragen Bioscience
TerraCoV2
pre-clinical
NidoVax
unknown; IMT504 technology
pre-clinical
Vault Pharma/ University of California Los Angeles
nanoparticles (vaults) as second-line defense of infection
pre-clinical
Tulane University
Unknown
pre-clinical
Catholic University/ Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy/ Technological Consortium in Clinical Molecular Biomedicine, Chile
Unknown
pre-clinical
HaloVax (Voltron Therapeutics) / The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Self-assembling vaccine (fusion protein of a heat shock protein and Avidin, with biotinylated immunogenic peptides)
pre-clinical
Emergex Vaccines/ George Mason University's National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases (NCBID)
Unknown
pre-clinical
Vivaldi Biosciences/ Esco Aster Pte Ltd
Chimeric vaccine (coronavirus and influenza)
pre-clinical
Adeleke University
Unknown
pre-clinical
AbVision
AVI-205
pre-clinical
Codiak BioSciences/ Ragon Institute
exoVACC exome platform
pre-clinical
Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children's Hospital
Unknown
pre-clinical
Vir Biotechnology / GSK
Unknown
pre-clinical
ISR Immune System Regulation
ISR-50
pre-clinical
Developer/ Researcher
Product Description
Phase
PRE
I
II
III
RR
AU